Voltage Distribution of Internal Windings of Pole-Mounted Distribution Transformer by Lightning Surge and Measures for Voltage Reduction

When steep lightning surge enters a pole-mounted distribution transformer, the voltage distribution of the internal windings is unbalanced. It is known that a layer-to-layer short or a turn-to-turn short occurs where the voltage distribution of windings is high. In this paper, the voltage distribution of the windings was measured at the primary and secondary sides of the transformer using a testing transformer. The point of the windings where the highest voltage occurred was clarified. At the primary windings, large voltage occurs at the layer nearest the primary bushing, and the possibility of breakdown at this point is high. By field test using several types of surge arrestor, it is found that the lower the operating voltage of the surge arrestor installed in the primary side, the lower the voltage occurring at the primary windings. At the secondary windings, large voltage occurs at the layer closer to the neutral terminal, and the possibility of breakdown at this point is high. The lower the operating voltage of the surge arrestor installed in the primary side, the lower the voltage occurring at the secondary windings, too. Adding the surge arrestor in the secondary side, although effectively reduce line-to-line voltage, does not effectively reduce the voltage of the secondary windings.